23
01 2021
What is a Pressure Sensor? What are the Types
Physical values such as pressure, position flow rate and temperature must be measured to make sense for us, and also the quantity and qualities must be determined. Sensors are used in devices that are measured and become important data that are useful to us. In short, sensors convert the physical size they measure into digital signals. Pressure, which has a derived size, is measured by these sensors. Pressure sensors are used to detect applied pressure and to convert analog signals. Analog signals are converted into data used in the required converters and applications. Pressure sensors are generally used for monitoring and controlling systems and system processes. Incorrectly measured or uncontrollable pressure has negative and undesirable consequences for the process and operation and can increase costs.
There are pressure measurement types that should be examined in the processes before switching to certain sensor types. These types are;
Absolute Pressure Measurement
This pressure measurement is measured by taking the difference of the pressure values to be measured from the reference pressure values. The reference pressure value is taken by vacuuming. However, in practice it is not usual to obtain zero pressure value. The closer the reference value to the zero pressure value is used, the higher the measurement accuracy accordingly.
Gauge Pressure Measurement
Gauge Pressure measurements include instant pressure measurement based on atmospheric pressure. Measuring instantaneous changes in atmospheric pressure creates negative or positive effects. Positive if gauge pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure; low, negative or vacuum pressure definition is applied. Pressure levels below atmospheric pressure are often referred to as vacuum pressure.
Differential Pressure Measurement
The difference of measurement values taken from two different places indicates the differential pressure. Looking at the types of measurement; Differential pressure measurements are generally based on absolute pressure measurement and gauge pressure measurement. In absolute pressure, the difference of the measured pressure against zero pressure is taken, while the difference is taken in the gauge pressure according to the atmospheric pressure.
Sensor Types
Strain Gauge Pressure Sensor
Measurement in this type of pressure sensor; It occurs when the pressure applied to a flexible diagram causes resistance and change. Pressure applied to the diaphragm can cause changes in the resistance values of the conductors embedded in the diaphragm. As the diaphragm flexes, the conductor length extends and the cross section starts to get thinner. Accordingly, changes occur in resistance values. The changes in the resistors and the wheatstone bridge are used and transformed into the output signal.
Capacitive Pressure Sensor
Capacitive pressure sensor; It is a sensor that measures pressure according to capacitance changes. The capacitive diaphragm in the structure of the sensors makes a flexing movement with the pressure applied on it, and the other capacitive fixed plate is located at the bottom of the diaphragm.
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